Abstract High hydrostatic pressure technology is a relatively new method for the food industry and is considered more as an alternative to traditional storage methods such as thermal processes. Inactivation of spores, models, yeasts, and viruses has been demonstrated by this method. Although issues related to the safety and longevity of food, as well as their legal permits, require extensive case studies, the available experimental findings can be useful in expanding the potential applications of high pressure in the food industry. In this paper, CO2 is used as a fluid. Increasing the pressure in Weibull and log-logistic models from 2.5 MPa to 10 MPa has reduced the processing time from 700 minutes to 70 and 60 minutes, respectively. The log-logistic model in predicting the process of inactivation of microbes compared to the Weibull model has been the lowest, and also the log-logistic model has a suitable ability to predict the shoulder of the chart if the Weibull model does not have this ability and its error is almost high. Increasing the increase in pressure has increased the level of inactivation of Salmonella typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes, except Listeria monocytogenes at a pressure of 6.05 MPa, which reduced inactivation.

Abstract Soybean meal is an important component of poultry and fish feed formulations. Soybean cultivation and use date back to China's agrarian era. Its usage for human consumption is mentioned in Chinese medicinal collections reaching back 6,000 years. For generations, soybean has meant oil, bread, cheese, milk, and meat to the people of Indonesia, the Philippines, Manchuria, Korea, Japan, and China. Soybeans are an oilseed crop that provides food for wildlife, birds, and humans. Acetochlor and clomazone are two insecticides that are commonly employed to safeguard soybeans from weeds and are both highly problematic. The goal of this research was to see the effect of acetochlor and clomazone on soybean food safety. Employing UPLC-MS/MS (ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometer), acetochlor and clomazone concentrations in mature straw, mature soybean, green straw, and green soybean were measured. The RSDs (relative standard deviations) range from 2-11%, the compound recoveries varied from 86-110% at various concentration levels. 0.01 mg kg-1 was the quantitation limit for each herbicide matrix. When taken at the prescribed dose, clomazone and acetochlor residues in soybeans were all less than 0.01 mg.kg-1 at harvest. Soybean is an oilseed crop and significant edible, as well as a valuable source of human nourishment.

Abstract The agricultural sector in the country has a high and growing status and importance, but the growth and development of this sector are not possible without proper and effective risk management. In the current study, using the Monte Carlo simulation method as one of the powerful tools in risk analysis, the production risk due to the effects of climate change on the dominant agricultural products of Plovdiv, Bulgaria in the period 1990-2017, is predicted and measured. The results showed that Lentils has the highest risk (Product risk index was -0.25%) and bean has the lowest risk (Product risk index was 0.17%). Overall, the research results indicate the significant effect of performance risk in this region. Therefore, farmers should pay special attention to the risk of crop performance in determining their cultivation pattern in addition to other factors and criteria such as price, profitability, self-consumption, etc. Meanwhile, it is suggested that products with higher risk should not be grown alone and should be placed next to the other products with less risk as much as possible to increase food security.

Abstract Antioxidants are the body's defense system against the damage caused by reactive oxygen species, formed naturally during many physiological activities. In vegetables and fruits, various antioxidant compounds such as vitamin C, polyphenols, flavonoids, and carotenoids have been identified. Because fruits and vegetables are the primary antioxidant sources in our daily diet, it is necessary to determine their antioxidant capacity. Citrus fruit consumption per capita has steadily increased over the world over the last 30 years. Citrus fruits are high in vitamin C as well as other active ingredients like phenols and flavonoids that are beneficial to human health. Using carotenoid complement and pigmentation genetic diversity, the objective of this research was to see how vitamin C and carotenoids contributed to the capacity of hydrophilic antioxidants of the citrus fruits’ pulp. Six citrus cultivars were chosen for this purpose: two sweet orange genotypes, Valencia Ruby and Valencia Late; two grapefruit genotypes, Star Ruby and Marsh; and two mandarin genotypes, Nadorcott and Clemenules. In proportion to their color singularity, total carotenoid composition and content in fruit pulp differed dramatically. A good and clear connection was found between hydrophilic antioxidant capacity and vitamin C concentration in the pulp of various fruit species, as measured by DPPH and ABTS tests. The proportion of vitamin C to the total HAC was calculated to be between 15% and 30%.